保证所有用户对目录 /tmp 和 /var/tmp 都是可写的,但又不能移除其他用户的文件。后面的这个限制是由所谓的 “粘滞位”实现的,即位掩码 1777 中的最高位(1)。
/usr/{,local/}{bin,include} 为/usr/ 和/usr/local创建相同的目录结构
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} mkdir: created directory '/usr' mkdir: created directory '/usr/bin' mkdir: created directory '/usr/include' mkdir: created directory '/usr/lib' mkdir: created directory '/usr/sbin' mkdir: created directory '/usr/src' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/bin' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/include' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/lib' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/sbin' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/src'
{1..8} 循环创建
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man1' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man2' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man3' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man4' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man5' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man6' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man7' mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man8' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man1' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man2' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man3' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man4' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man5' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man6' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man7' mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man8'
原文件指定了完整路径,目标只需要目录即可
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib '/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so' -> '/tools/lib/libgcc_s.so' '/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1' -> '/tools/lib/libgcc_s.so.1'
root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log /usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# grep --help |grep '\-o' -b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN -u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there
root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# grep --help |grep '\-B' -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# root:/sources/glibc-2.25/build# grep -B2 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include
使用netstat -ntlp
或者 ss -lntp
进行端口自发现时,如果文件描述符过多,速度会非常慢,可能导致机器负载飙升,使用timeout可以解决此问题:
[root@tv.router ~]# timeout 1 netstat -ntlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15641/zabbix_agentd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:199 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3889/snmpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14287/nginx tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:30000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2591/monit tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2077/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3904/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29673/python2.7 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13836/sendmail tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14287/nginx
直接使用宿主机的grub,添加配置即可
title LFS-8.0-systemd (4.9.9) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0-rc1-systemd root=/dev/sde1 ro
报错
Kernel panic Error - not syncing: VFS: unable to mount rootfs on unknown-block(0,0)
可能的原因:
make menuconfig
时没有严格按照手册VMware驱动参考一下2个网页
在Vmware虚拟机里面编译lfs 7.10的内核后,启动出现如下错误:
kernel panic -not syncing:VFS:Unable to mount root fs on unknown block(0,0)
可能的原因:
1- scsi驱动没有编译到内核,检查如下的选项是否选择
→ Device Drivers→ SCSI device support
<> SCSI disk support
<
> SCSI generic support\\
→ Device Drivers→ SCSI device support→ SCSI low-level drivers
-- LSI MPT Fusion SAS 3.0 & SAS 2.0 Device Driver
(128) LSI MPT Fusion SAS 2.0 Max number of SG Entries (16 - 256)
(128) LSI MPT Fusion SAS 3.0 Max number of SG Entries (16 - 256)
<
> Legacy MPT2SAS config option\\
→ Device Drivers
[*] Fusion MPT device support —>
→ Device Drivers→ Fusion MPT device support
— Fusion MPT device support
<> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SPI
<
> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SAS \\
(
128) Maximum number of scatter gather entries (16 - 128)
<> Fusion MPT misc device (ioctl) driver
[] Fusion MPT logging facility
golfreeze: LFS 7.7 End Kernel panic Error - not syncing: VFS: unable to mount rootfs on unknown-block(0,0) If your system running on Vmware program [Esx-i , vmare] please kindly re-install kernel with build in "VMware VMCI Driver" + "VMware PVSCSI driver" เข้าไปที่ folder= Linux-3.19 #echo $LANG #make LANG=en_GB.ISO-8859-1 LC_ALL= menuconfig # All options are required unless noted as "Optional" or under a # Begin and # End block, which is also noted as "Optional" or "Hardware Specific" # It is important that they are selected as built-in or the kernel might fail to correctly detect the partitions and/or filesystems. # It is a good idea to run "make defconfig" first Device Drivers ---> Generic Driver Options ---> () path to uevent helper [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [*] Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs (optional) # Optional, required for VMware virtual machines # Begin here Misc devices ---> <*> VMware VMCI Driver # End here # Optional, required for VMware virtual machines # Begin here [*] SCSI low-level drivers ---> <*> BusLogic SCSI support (used by older VMware virtual solutions, can be optionally selected) <*> VMware PVSCSI driver support (used by vSphere I think, but not by default, can be used by Player and Workstation too) # End here